文法重點(四) ：關係子句
1. 關係代名詞：兼具代名詞和連接詞的作用，用來替代先行詞(前述詞)
| 主格 | 所有格 | 受格 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 人 | who | whose | whom |
| 非人 | which | whose | which |
| 人與非人 | that | X | that |
2. 關係子句用來限定或補述先行詞，最大的重點就是要搞清楚關係代名詞在關係子句中的位置，下面整理了關係代名詞當主詞、受詞和所有格的時候句型會有什麼樣的不同
(1) 關係代名詞當主詞：who / which / that + V
例句：The boy who is wearing a red hoodie is my brother. (那位穿著紅色帽T的男孩是我弟弟)
例句：This is the car which Tom bought last week. (這就是Tom上週買的車)
(2) 關係代名詞當所有格：whose + N
例句： The poor boy crashed some cars whose price is quite high. (那可憐的男孩撞毀了幾台價格昂貴的車子)
例句：Do you know the man whose beard is red? (你認識那位留紅鬍子的男人嗎？)
(3) 關係代名詞當受詞：whom / which / that + S +V
例句：I just had a conversation with the girl who I met in the party. (我剛剛跟我在派對遇到的女孩講話)
例句：Jimmy is the most thoughtful boy that I have ever seen. (吉米是我所見過最體貼的男孩子了)
3. 關係代名詞一定要用that的句型
(1) 先行詞為人＋非人
例句：Did you see a man and a dog that were taking a walk in the park? (你有看到在公園裡散步的男人和小狗嗎？)
(2) 先行詞有最高級
例句： This is the worst movie that I have ever seen. (這是我看過的電影中最糟糕的一部)
(3) 先行詞有序數
例句：Mary is the last girl that I can trust. (瑪麗是我最不能信任的人)
(4) 先行詞有all/no / every/ any
例句：You should tell everything that you know to the police. (你應該告訴警方所有你知道的事)
(5) 先行詞有the only / the same / the very
例句：Joseph is the very famous actor that many women want to marry him. (Joseph正是那位許多女人想要和他結婚的知名演員)
(6) who / which當疑問詞
例句：Who is the teacher that all the students in the school are crazy about? (誰是那位讓全校學生都瘋狂的老師？)
4. 關係代名詞一定不能用that的句型
(1) 關係代名詞在介系詞後面
例句：That is the hotel in which we will stay. (那就是我們要住的飯店)
(2) 逗號後面
例句： I would like to introduce our manager, who is going to deliver a speech. (容我介紹我們的經理，她接下來要為大家發表演說)
5. 關係副詞：考試的時候務必要注意，「時間副詞片語」和「地方副詞片語」的介系詞有沒有出現在句子裡面，這個是解題的關鍵點。至於how和why的部分，注意題目是否缺少詢問「方法」或是「原因、理由」的字眼，這個部分相對來說比較簡單
(1) when(時間) = in / on/ at +which
例句：I can still remember the day when we met the first time. = I can still remember the day on which we met the first time. (我還記得我們認識的那一天)
(2) where(地點) = in / on / at +which
例句：Taichung is the city where Mr. King lives. = Taichung is the city in which Mr. King lives. = Taichung is the city which Mr. King lives in. (台中就是King先生居住的城市)
(3) how(方法) = by +which
例句：Let me show you how I found out the solution.= Let me show you the way by which I found out the solution. (讓我來告訴你我怎麼找出解決方法的)
(4) why(原因) = for +which
例句：Do you know why Linda looks so angry? =Do you know the reason for which Linda looks so angry? (你知道為什麼Linda看起來這麼生氣嗎？)